COMMENTARY Clarifying the Foundations of Evolutionary Psychology: A Reply to Lloyd and Feldman
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چکیده
Lloyd and Feldman’s (this issue) continuing commentary on our recent target article and rejoinder (Ellis & Ketelaar, 2000; Ketelaar & Ellis, 2000) focuses on two overarching issues. First, Lloyd and Feldman claim that our description of the core metatheoretical assumptions of modern evolutionary theory overemphasizes the role of inclusive fitness (i.e., the so-called selfish gene approach) at the expense of underemphasizing important alternative approaches (e.g., multilevel selection models, gene–culture coevolution models). Second, Lloyd and Feldman criticize some of the methods and assumptions that ostensibly characterize the evolutionary psychology research program. These criticisms concern the conceptualization of organisms as inclusive fitness maximizers, the soundness of the epistemology of evolutionary psychology, the modularity of psychological mechanisms, and the universality of psychological mechanisms. In the first part of this rejoinder, we acknowledge that different schools of thought exist regarding the plausibility and importance of various metatheoretical assumptions in human evolutionary psychology. We argue that to date, however, only the gene-centered adaptationist program (consistent with inclusive fitness theory) has demonstrated scientific progressivity by generating a coherent, integrated body ofnewknowledgeandexplainingawayseveralapparent anomalies. In the second part of this rejoinder, we discuss several misunderstandings that underlie Lloyd and Feldman’s criticisms of human evolutionary psychology.
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تاریخ انتشار 2002